Definite integrals and definite integration give a little more meaning to integration.
Just as the derivative of a "speed/time" function lets us determine the "acceleration/time" function, integrating the same "speed/time" function will allow us to determine the distance travelled between two instance in time.
Another example could be: if a function \(f(t)\), where \(t\) is time in hours, is equal to the "net revenue per hour" of a company at any time \(t\), then definite integration will allow us to calculate the company's total net revenue between two instants in time \(t_1\) and \(t_2\).
Given a function \(f(x)\), continuous over a closed interval \(\begin{bmatrix}a,b \end{bmatrix}\), we define the definite integral as:
\[\int_a^bf(x)dx = F(b)-F(a)\]
Where \(F(x) = \int f(x) dx\) is the antiderivative of the function \(f(x)\).
We'll often write:
\[\int_a^bf(x)dx = \begin{bmatrix}F(x) \end{bmatrix}_a^b\]
Where \(\begin{bmatrix}F(x) \end{bmatrix}_a^b = F(b) - F(a) \).
This is explained and illustrated in Tutorial 1, below.
In the following tutorial we review and explain the formula we've just read for definite integrals and work through some examples to see how they are evaluated.
Evaluate each of the following definite integrals:
Consider a continuous function \(f(x)\) over the closed interval \([a,b]\) and \(\alpha \) a real number, \(a \in \mathbb{R}\).
Using the properties, listed above, calculate each of the following definite integrals:
When we write: \[\int_a^b f(x) dx\] it should be read/understood as follows:
In the following tutorial we review and explain the formula we've just read for definite integrals and work through some examples to see how they are evaluated.
Try answering each of the following questions without using a calculator, other than for checking your final answer.