Radford Mathematics IB Mathematics resources • AA HL

IB Mathematics: Analysis and Approaches HL — Topic 5 Calculus

AA HL Optimisation

Optimise models with implicit constraints and endpoint possibilities.

AA HL · AHL 5.14

Learning goal

Solve advanced optimisation problems, including constraints suited to implicit differentiation.

Syllabus link

AA HL: AHL 5.14 · Topic 5 Calculus.

Big idea

An implicit constraint can sometimes be differentiated directly, avoiding unnecessary algebraic rearrangement.

Key relationship

\(\frac{dQ}{dx}=0\quad\text{for interior candidates}\)

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Core idea

An implicit constraint can sometimes be differentiated directly, avoiding unnecessary algebraic rearrangement.

Solve advanced optimisation problems, including constraints suited to implicit differentiation.

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Key results and method

\[\frac{dQ}{dx}=0\quad\text{for interior candidates}\]
\[\text{endpoints remain candidates on restricted domains}\]
  1. Define the objective and constraint.
  2. Choose explicit substitution or implicit differentiation strategically.
  3. Find all feasible candidates.
  4. Classify/compare them and interpret the result.
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Worked example

Question

A point \((x,y)\) lies on \(x^2+4y^2=16\) in the first quadrant. Maximise \(P=xy\).

Solution
  1. Differentiate the constraint: \(2x+8y y\'=0\Rightarrow y\'=-x/(4y)\).
  2. \(P\'=y+xy\'=y-x^2/(4y)=0\).
  3. Combine with the constraint to find the candidate.
Answer: At the maximum, \(x^2=4y^2\); use the constraint to obtain the coordinates.
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Practice

Try these questions before moving on.

  1. Optimise a quantity constrained by an ellipse.
  2. Compare an interior critical point with endpoints.
  3. Choose between explicit and implicit methods for a given constraint.

Search the worksheet library for more practice →

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